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Cold Weather Operations

I am unaccustomed to having my coach outside in winter conditions, but am forced to spend a few more days and nights outside in zero-minus temps. As a matter of proper procedure, is it better to run the Gen every couple days to charge batteries, or to just leave them alone until the weather breaks? Mine are holding steady at approx. 11.8-12.0 volts after a one-hour charge two days ago. Any advice appreciated.
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #1
Your battery manufacturer may differ, but I have Lifeline 8D batteries in my coach and Lifeline says 11.8V is the minimum recommended voltage.  At that point, the batteries are 30% depleted and should be charged.  My generator auto start is set to fire the gen for charging at 11.85V.  I'd let it charge up and get them in the mid 12's, then let it hold there instead of at this lower voltage if it were my rig.
Keith
2003 U320 38' #6197

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #2
I would suggest you either run the Generator to keep the batteries up, or plug in to power if available.
You don't want the batteries too low.
Is coach winterized? if not, how are you keeping it warm?
Eric & Nancy
1999 36 Ft. U320 WTFE
2016 GMC Terrain

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #3
I would suggest you either run the Generator to keep the batteries up, or plug in to power if available.
You don't want the batteries too low.
Is coach winterized? if not, how are you keeping it warm?
Eric & Nancy
1999 36 Ft. U320 WTFE
2016 GMC Terrain

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #4
Your battery manufacturer may differ, but I have Lifeline 8D batteries in my coach and Lifeline says 11.8V is the minimum recommended voltage.  At that point, the batteries are 30% depleted and should be charged.  My generator auto start is set to fire the gen for charging at 11.85V.  I'd let it charge up and get them in the mid 12's, then let it hold there instead of at this lower voltage if it were my rig.
Thank you—this sounds like very good advice.
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #5
I would suggest you either run the Generator to keep the batteries up, or plug in to power if available.
You don't want the batteries too low.
Is coach winterized? if not, how are you keeping it warm?
Unfortunately, it is not being kept warm, except when I am onboard running the generator. Coach is fully winterized. There is no electrical power available where I am currently parked.
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #6
Your battery manufacturer may differ, but I have Lifeline 8D batteries in my coach and Lifeline says 11.8V is the minimum recommended voltage.  At that point, the batteries are 30% depleted and should be charged.  My generator auto start is set to fire the gen for charging at 11.85V.  I'd let it charge up and get them in the mid 12's, then let it hold there instead of at this lower voltage if it were my rig.

For lifelines or other AGM batteries, I am pretty sure at 11.8 volts your batteries are 70% depleted.  50% (12.2 volts) is generally the minimum you should get to before a 100% recharge.  Discharging to 50% and recharging to 100% will get you the nominal minimum battery life. Discharging to 70% is much worse.  Discharging to 75% remaining and recharging to 100% every time will more than double your battery life (measured in cycles (discharge and recharge).  Recharging to less than 100% will reduce capacity over time.  If you recharge to 90% every time pretty soon that is as much as you will be able to charge it to. And that last 10-15% can take as much time or more than 50% to 85%.  Treat your batteries with great care.

A fully charged 12v AGM battery should have a resting voltage of 12.7-12.8 volts.  This is with no charger hooked up and some load applied for a few minutes.  Chargers are going to be about 13.8v.

Lithium batteries are different.
Roger Engdahl and Susan Green
2001 U320 3610 #5879 (Home2) - 2014 Jeep Cherokee or 2018 F150
Hastings, MN

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #7
For lifelines or other AGM batteries, I am pretty sure at 11.8 volts your batteries are 70% depleted.  50% (12.2 volts) is generally the minimum you should get to before a 100% recharge.  Discharging to 50% and recharging to 100% will get you the nominal minimum battery life. Discharging to 70% is much worse.  Discharging to 75% remaining and recharging to 100% every time will more than double your battery life (measured in cycles (discharge and recharge).  Recharging to less than 100% will reduce capacity over time.  If you recharge to 90% every time pretty soon that is as much as you will be able to charge it to. And that last 10-15% can take as much time or more than 50% to 85%.  Treat your batteries with great care.

A fully charged 12v AGM battery should have a resting voltage of 12.7-12.8 volts.  This is with no charger hooked up and some load applied for a few minutes.  Chargers are going to be about 13.8v.

Lithium batteries are different.
Thank you. I will continue to charge, possibly switching to daily until I can move inside on Monday. My batteries always charge to 14.0 v during a one-hour charge. The batteries are one year-old Trojan T-105 6v batteries, in case that makes any difference in characteristics or charging strategies.
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #8
Your batteries aren't really charged to 14V.  The charger is applying 14V but the batteries are much lower.  If you start at 11.9V, it will take many hours to charge the batteries to 12.8V.  If you can get them to 12.6 after they have been disconnected from the charger for 30 minutes, you will be in good shape.  That should take several hours at least, probably more.

Rich
Rich and Peggy Bowman
2002 U270 3610 WTFS, build #5939--"Freedom"
2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee Summit 4xe
SMI AirForceOne brake system
PakCanoe 15

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #9
Your batteries aren't really charged to 14V.  The charger is applying 14V but the batteries are much lower.  If you start at 11.9V, it will take many hours to charge the batteries to 12.8V.  If you can get them to 12.6 after they have been disconnected from the charger for 30 minutes, you will be in good shape.  That should take several hours at least, probably more.

Rich
Very good to know Rich. I'll plan on a longer generator run tomorrow, which is likely to be the coldest day. Many thanks!!
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #10
If your batteries get to low they will freeze and that's the end of them. They will
stay up better if the ground is disconnected.
Peter and Frieda Morin
1999 36ft. U320 Foretravel
Build # 5436
1998 Suzuki Sidekick Sport

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #11
Your six-volt batteries are probably wired with each pair in series to get to 12 volts. Pairs of six volt batteries wired in series can be wired in parallel just like 12 volt batteries.
Roger Engdahl and Susan Green
2001 U320 3610 #5879 (Home2) - 2014 Jeep Cherokee or 2018 F150
Hastings, MN

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #12
For lifelines or other AGM batteries, I am pretty sure at 11.8 volts your batteries are 70% depleted.

I'm no expert for sure, but 11.8V is the voltage Lifeline telephone technical support recommended as the set point for the auto-gen starting point to maximize battery life.
Keith
2003 U320 38' #6197

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #13
I'm no expert for sure, but 11.8V is the voltage Lifeline telephone technical support recommended as the set point for the auto-gen starting point to maximize battery life.

That might be for under a load such as microwave or toaster. Resting voltage is what Roger is telling you.
1999 40 ft. U-320 wtfe build 5563 Chuck & Lynda's "Rollin' Inn"  2030 watts solar
prev. mh's 71 GMC 5 yrs. 73 Pace Setter 1 yr. 78 Vogue 5 yrs 81 FTX 40ft all electric 18 yrs. 1996 Monaco Signature 3 yrs.
2014 Grand Cherokee Overland
Dream as if you will live forever. Live as if you will die today.  James Dean

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #14
Chart resting voltage

Dan - Full timing since 2009
2003 U320 40' Tag 2 slide

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #15
Thank you. I will continue to charge, possibly switching to daily until I can move inside on Monday. My batteries always charge to 14.0 v during a one-hour charge. The batteries are one year-old Trojan T-105 6v batteries, in case that makes any difference in characteristics or charging strategies.

That you are using Trojan T-105 batteries does make a difference in your charging strategy.  I can't lay my hands on the information but if my memory serves me the T-105 is a true deep cycle battery with solid lead plates.  As such it isn't as easily damaged by deep discharge as batteries more suited to starting, lighting, and ignition service.

That being said, plan on a 4-hour generator run* "today" and check the voltage tomorrow.  Resting battery voltage really should be measured after 3 hours of rest, preferably 24 hours.

*Once the charging voltage reaches 14.4V.  You can adjust the charging time once you gain some experience with your battery bank and smart charger combination.

http://www.trojanbattery.com/pdf/datasheets/T105_Trojan_Data_Sheets.pdf

Art
1992 Foretravel Grand Villa
U225 SBID Build No. 4134
1986 Rockwood Driftwood
1968 S.I.A.T.A. Spring
1962 Studebaker Lark
1986 Honda VF700C
1983 Honda VF750C
Charlie, the Dog was broken out of jail 24 Oct 2023
N1RPN
AA1OH (H)e who must be obeyed.

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #16
That you are using Trojan T-105 batteries does make a difference in your charging strategy.  I can't lay my hands on the information but if my memory serves me the T-105 is a true deep cycle battery with solid lead plates.  As such it isn't as easily damaged by deep discharge as batteries more suited to starting, lighting, and ignition service.

That being said, plan on a 4-hour generator run* "today" and check the voltage tomorrow.  Resting battery voltage really should be measured after 3 hours of rest, preferably 24 hours.

*Once the charging voltage reaches 14.4V.  You can adjust the charging time once you gain some experience with your battery bank and smart charger combination.

http://www.trojanbattery.com/pdf/datasheets/T105_Trojan_Data_Sheets.pdf

Art
Thank you very much!
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #17
Art, your advice seemed to work well. Starting out early this morning (9 degrees F) I fired up the generator. Batteries were at 12v. After three hours they were at 14.5-14.6. I ended the charging at a little under 4 hours to avoid getting stuck inside the storage facility due to its after-hours security. I'll run gen and charge again tomorrow, and then will be able to put Coach inside on Monday.

Thanks again for your help!
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #18
You're Welcome.  Those are nice batteries you got there.  Congratulations.

FWIW, the charging voltage rises as the batteries require fewer electrons.  Or to put it another way, your smart charger "rolls off" the voltage to limit current flow to what the smart charger can deliver.  It's a plus because charging current should be limited to 1/10th the battery bank's amp-hour capacity to prevent overheating.

The on-line "Battery University" is published by a company that makes commercial battery chargers, and the information provided for your reading pleasure is pretty much middle of the road.  And tilted toward their constant current charging solutions.

Home Page: Battery University Homepage

Battery Charging:  BU-401: How do Battery Chargers Work? - Battery University
1992 Foretravel Grand Villa
U225 SBID Build No. 4134
1986 Rockwood Driftwood
1968 S.I.A.T.A. Spring
1962 Studebaker Lark
1986 Honda VF700C
1983 Honda VF750C
Charlie, the Dog was broken out of jail 24 Oct 2023
N1RPN
AA1OH (H)e who must be obeyed.

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #19
You're Welcome.  Those are nice batteries you got there.  Congratulations.

FWIW, the charging voltage rises as the batteries require fewer electrons.  Or to put it another way, your smart charger "rolls off" the voltage to limit current flow to what the smart charger can deliver.  It's a plus because charging current should be limited to 1/10th the battery bank's amp-hour capacity to prevent overheating.

The on-line "Battery University" is published by a company that makes commercial battery chargers, and the information provided for your reading pleasure is pretty much middle of the road.  And tilted toward their constant current charging solutions.

Home Page: Battery University Homepage

Battery Charging:  BU-401: How do Battery Chargers Work? - Battery University

Thank you very much sir.

Today, 24 hours after charging to 14.5v yesterday, my batteries are back down to 11.9v It is still bitter cold here, but only one day to go before warmer weather and moving inside, with 30a shore power.
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #20
14.5 should be the voltage given to the batteries from your charger in the bulk phase.  Once it goes to absorb, it will be in the 13's and then in the mid/hi 12's once it's floating.  Mine floats around 12.7V.

Does your inverter have a display panel that shows how much load there is on it?  Seems like something is pulling some decent power from it if they are going down that quick.
Keith
2003 U320 38' #6197

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #21
Thank you very much sir.

Today, 24 hours after charging to 14.5v yesterday, my batteries are back down to 11.9v It is still bitter cold here, but only one day to go before warmer weather and moving inside, with 30a shore power.


It's down to 71 outside on the way to a predicted 68, and we're using the air conditioner to dry the air.  The daytime high was 83.  Should see high 30s Monday morning.

What are you powering with the batteries?
1992 Foretravel Grand Villa
U225 SBID Build No. 4134
1986 Rockwood Driftwood
1968 S.I.A.T.A. Spring
1962 Studebaker Lark
1986 Honda VF700C
1983 Honda VF750C
Charlie, the Dog was broken out of jail 24 Oct 2023
N1RPN
AA1OH (H)e who must be obeyed.

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #22
It's down to 71 outside on the way to a predicted 68, and we're using the air conditioner to dry the air.  The daytime high was 83.  Should see high 30s Monday morning.

What are you powering with the batteries?
Art, nothing is currently being powered by the batteries, as the coach is winterized and all DC power draws are off. Typically, the battery banks are kept topped, either by solar, shore power or both, but in this unique situation, I have no shore power, and the solar panels are covered with snow. I know there is probably some DC draw, but I've got everything I can think of, such as the easy-to-overlook propane detector switched OFF. The DC master switch, too, is OFF.
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #23
Art, nothing is currently being powered by the batteries, as the coach is winterized and all DC power draws are off. Typically, the battery banks are kept topped, either by solar, shore power or both, but in this unique situation, I have no shore power, and the solar panels are covered with snow. I know there is probably some DC draw, but I've got everything I can think of, such as the easy-to-overlook propane detector switched OFF. The DC master switch, too, is OFF.

Oh this isn't good.  That is a lot of electricity to just go up into the ether.  One pair of those in series will store 225 amp hours of 12V electricity.  Just how old are your Trojans?  Ten years is just about their upper age limit.

Art
1992 Foretravel Grand Villa
U225 SBID Build No. 4134
1986 Rockwood Driftwood
1968 S.I.A.T.A. Spring
1962 Studebaker Lark
1986 Honda VF700C
1983 Honda VF750C
Charlie, the Dog was broken out of jail 24 Oct 2023
N1RPN
AA1OH (H)e who must be obeyed.

Re: Cold Weather Operations

Reply #24
Oh this isn't good.  That is a lot of electricity to just go up into the ether.  One pair of those in series will store 225 amp hours of 12V electricity.  Just how old are your Trojans?  Ten years is just about their upper age limit.

Art
The batteries are two years old.
1989 Foretravel U300 Grand Villa
Build #3410